Energy conservation and energy efficiency for the purpose of achieving sustainable development and environmental protection are important areas of concern for governments in developed countries in recent years. To this end, they have successively introduced a series of policies and regulations to encourage energy conservation.
The United States is the country with the highest per capita energy consumption. According to Kang Yanbing, an associate professor of the Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission of China, over the past 10 years, the United States has issued more than 10 policies or plans such as the 21st Century Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office Strategic Plan and the National Energy Policy. To promote energy conservation. In May 2001, the "National Energy Policy Development Group" led by Vice President Cheney suggested that President Bush further increase public finance support for energy conservation work; the "Energy Department Energy Strategy Plan" introduced in 2003 is even more " “Enhancing energy efficiency†has risen to the level of “energy security strategy†and proposed four major energy security strategic goals. It plans to provide 20 billion US dollars in energy technology development between 2005 and 2010. Japan, which lacks natural resources, has implemented the Energy Conservation Law since 1979, and has imposed strict regulations on energy consumption standards. The Energy Conservation Law, amended in 2002, also improved energy-saving standards for automobiles, air conditioners, refrigerators, lighting, televisions, copiers, computers, video recorders and other products. 40% of the annual budget of the Japan Government Resource and Energy Agency is used for energy conservation and new energy work. The energy-saving measures of the British are inseparable from the government's energy strategy for the 21st century. To encourage energy savings, the UK has a range of legislative guarantees and policy guidance for improving energy efficiency. For example, encourage commercial and public sector implementation of best energy practices; require private gas and electricity suppliers to make energy efficiency commitments; establish non-profit “energy-saving companies†and engage private and small-scale businesses to sustainable and efficient use of energy through partnerships Directions; Since 2001, the government has issued a £50 million “Energy Efficiency Fund†every year to encourage companies to save energy.
Encouraging the use of energy-saving equipment and purchasing energy-efficient buildings through the implementation of tax reduction and exemption is one of the important measures for improving energy efficiency in some developed countries. In the 2001 budget, the US government implemented tax reduction and exemption policies for new energy-efficient homes and high-efficiency construction equipment. For commercial buildings that exceed the minimum energy efficiency standards, 75 cents per square foot is reduced, accounting for approximately 2% of construction costs. In addition, because the level of energy efficiency will affect the cost of real estate developers and homebuy users to varying degrees, a “grading†mechanism has also been implemented in fiscal incentives. For example, for new energy-efficient residential buildings, from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2003, new buildings with energy savings of more than 30% based on the prescribed standards can be exempted from taxation by US$1,000; new buildings with more than 50% energy savings. Can be reduced or exempted from tax of $2,000. In addition, the US state governments have also formulated local tax reduction policies for energy-saving products based on local conditions. For example, California's energy-efficient dishwashers, washing machines, and water heating equipment, the tax credit is between $50 and $200. Another example is the installation of geothermal heating systems and solar water heating systems, with tax cuts of up to $1,500. In Europe, the Dutch government has developed an energy catalogue that clearly defines the main types of projects that can enjoy energy tax incentives, such as building insulation, energy efficient production equipment, waste heat utilization equipment, solar energy, wind energy, etc., which can enjoy 10%. Investment offers. In addition, energy-saving equipment can also have 12% to 13% energy tax benefits. Japan has implemented tax breaks on 111 energy-saving devices listed in the catalogue. Tax reductions account for about 7% of equipment purchase costs.
Governments in developed countries are asking companies and the public to raise awareness of energy conservation and develop energy-using products. They are the first to implement energy conservation and energy efficiency in government agencies. The US federal government's annual energy consumption accounts for about 13% of the total energy consumption of the United States that year. The Canadian government's annual administrative cost of building energy alone is around $800 million. In order to promote energy conservation work, the United States issued 10 administrative orders and 2 presidential memoranda from 1991 to 1998, requiring government agencies to strengthen energy conservation. Executive Order 12902 further requires various government agencies to save 30% in 2005. The White House's energy-saving plan requires government public facilities to purchase and use energy-efficient products. As a result of these measures, the US government has saved more than 200 million US dollars in energy costs each year. Australia also attaches great importance to the reduction of energy consumption in government agencies. The federal government stipulates that all agencies report their annual energy consumption status to the Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Resources every year. The report is submitted to Congress for parliamentary and public supervision to improve the energy efficiency of government agencies. Transparency in work. Government agencies set specific energy consumption targets for federal agencies and conduct regular energy audits. The federal government's energy consumption has declined, and it has formed a good demonstration role in the society, which has had a positive impact on the state and local governments, and promoted the energy-saving work of the whole society.
The focus of the developed countries on energy conservation began after the oil crisis of the 1970s. Last year, rising oil prices pushed many countries to pay more attention to energy conservation. As these governments have adopted incentive measures, new energy-saving technologies and new products have emerged, and energy efficiency has increased significantly, which has brought huge economic and social benefits to them.
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