The automobile transmission shaft is an important part of the vehicle transmission system. The working state of the transmission shaft is directly related to whether the vehicle is safe to drive. How to ensure the normal operation of the car drive shaft? This requires us to understand the structural characteristics of the car drive shaft, to understand the common faults of the car drive shaft and to eliminate it in time and often maintain it. This article will introduce you to the structural characteristics of the automotive drive shaft and common fault diagnosis and troubleshooting.
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Structural characteristics of automotive drive shaft
Heavy-duty trucks choose different types of drive shafts depending on the type of drive. In general, a 4x2 drive type vehicle has only one main drive shaft. The 6×4 drive type has an intermediate drive shaft, a main drive shaft and a center and rear axle drive shaft. The 6×6 drive type has not only the intermediate drive shaft, the main drive shaft and the middle and rear axle drive shafts, but also the front axle drive drive shaft. The intermediate drive shaft of a long wheelbase vehicle is generally provided with a drive shaft intermediate support. It is composed of a support frame, a bearing and a rubber support.
The automobile drive shaft is composed of a shaft tube, a telescopic sleeve and a universal joint. The telescopic sleeve automatically adjusts for changes in the distance between the transmission and the transaxle. The universal joint is to ensure the change of the angle between the transmission output shaft and the input shaft of the transaxle, and realize the two-axis isometric transmission. General universal joint cross shaft, cross bearing and flange fork. The drive shaft universal joints used in the Steyr series of heavy-duty vehicles use roller cross-shaft bearings with a short, thick cross shaft that transmits a large torque. A butterfly spring is provided on the end face of the bearing to press the roller. A reinforced nylon gasket with a spiral groove is added to the end face of the cross shaft to prevent sintering when a large angle or a large torque is transmitted.
The conventional transmission shaft sleeve is welded with the spline sleeve and the flange fork, and the spline shaft is welded to the transmission shaft tube. The transmission shaft of GWB company changed the traditional structure, and the spline sleeve and the transmission shaft tube were welded together, and the spline shaft and the flange fork were integrated. The rectangular tooth spline is changed into a large pressure angle involute short tooth spline, which not only increases the strength but also facilitates extrusion forming, and is suitable for the needs of large torque working conditions. The surface of the teeth of the telescopic sleeve and the spline shaft is entirely coated with a layer of nylon material, which not only increases the wear resistance and self-lubricity, but also reduces the impact of the impact load on the drive shaft and improves the buffering capacity.
The automobile drive shaft adds a tubular sealing protective sleeve outside the flange spline shaft, and two urethane rubber oil seals are arranged at the end of the protective sleeve, so that a completely sealed space is formed in the telescopic sleeve, so that the telescopic flower is made. The key shaft is not eroded by external dust, not only dustproof but also rustproof. Therefore, in the assembly, the grease is applied to the spline shaft and the sleeve at one time, which can fully meet the requirements of use, without the lubrication of the nozzle, and the maintenance content is reduced.
Common fault diagnosis and elimination of automobile drive shaft
Damage, wear, deformation and loss of dynamic balance of the automobile drive shaft will cause abnormal noise and vibration during driving, which may cause damage to related components. When the car is driving, it emits the sound of "Gerden" at the start or rapid acceleration, and it clearly shows the loose feeling of the machine. If it is not the drive axle transmission gear loose, it is obviously the loose shaft of the drive shaft. The part of the loose raft is nothing more than a universal joint cross bearing or a steel bowl and a flange fork, and a spline shaft and a spline sleeve of the telescopic sleeve. Generally speaking, the cross shaft diameter and bearing capacity should not exceed 0.13mm, and the meshing gap between the telescopic spline shaft and the spline sleeve should not exceed 0.3mm. It should be repaired or replaced beyond the limit of use.
If the chassis is humming when the car is running, the higher the running speed, the louder the sound. This is generally due to the loose wear of the universal joint cross shaft and the bearing, the wear of the intermediate bearing of the drive shaft, the damage of the intermediate rubber support or the looseness of the hanger, or the incorrect position of the hanger.
6×4 car occasionally emits a knocking sound during heavy load, especially in the running bump. It should be checked whether the balance axle of the rear axle is displaced and interferes with the transmission shaft. If the vehicle increases in speed as the vehicle speed increases, and there is jitter, this is generally caused by the loss of balance of the drive shaft. This vibration is most noticeable in the cab. The unbalance of the dynamic balance of the drive shaft should be less than 100 g. cm.
Serious failure of the motor drive shaft dynamic balance can lead to damage to related components. The most common are the fatigue damage of the clutch shell crack and the intermediate rubber bearing.
The installation of the intermediate drive of the car drive shaft is very important in the maintenance. If the hanger is installed in an improper position, it will increase the running resistance and noise of the drive shaft, resulting in early damage of the bearing. When reinstalling the hanger, first tighten the hanger fixing bolts, lift the car drive wheel off the ground with a jack, hang the low gear, slowly rotate the drive shaft to automatically align the drive shaft and the hanger, and then fix the hanger. The bolts are tightened.
Use and maintenance of automobile drive shaft
In order to ensure the normal operation of the car drive shaft and extend its service life, it should be noted in use:
1. It is strictly forbidden to start with a high-speed gear.
2. Do not lift the clutch pedal.
3. It is strictly forbidden to overload the car and speed.
4. Always check the working condition of the drive shaft.
5. Always check the fastening condition of the drive shaft hanger, whether the supporting rubber is damaged, whether the connection parts of the automobile transmission shaft are loose, and whether the transmission shaft is deformed.
6. In order to ensure the dynamic balance of the drive shaft, always pay attention to whether the balance soldering piece is desoldered. The new drive shaft assembly is provided. When loading the new drive shaft, pay attention to the assembly mark of the telescopic sleeve, and ensure that the flange fork is in one plane. When repairing and disassembling the drive shaft, the assembly marks should be printed on the telescopic sleeve and the flange shaft in order to maintain the original assembly relationship during reassembly.
7. Grease should always be added to the universal joint cross bearing. In the summer, the No. 3 lithium grease should be injected, and in the winter, the No. 2 lithium grease should be injected.
The structure of the automobile transmission shaft is relatively simple, but its role in the automotive transmission system is very large, and the transmission can be seen in the steering mechanism of the automobile, the winch transmission system of the off-road vehicle, and in other power transmission systems. Axis figure. Most of the automobile transmission shafts work in the harsh environment. In order to ensure the normal operation of the automobile transmission shaft, it is very important to understand the structural characteristics of the automobile transmission shaft, the use and maintenance of the automobile transmission shaft, and to understand the common fault diagnosis and elimination of the automobile transmission shaft. .
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