See the development direction and challenges of 5G mobile communication

Since its birth, mobile communication has become the basic information network connecting human society after more than 30 years of explosive development. With the entry of 4G into commercial scale, the research and development of 5G mobile communication has been fully launched.

As one of the most authoritative international standardization organizations in the field of communications, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has organized global industry to conduct pre-research on 5G standardization since 2012, and continues to promote the formation of global 5G consensus. As of June 2015, the ITU has confirmed that China's main IMT-2020 as the only new generation of IMT system candidate name was reported to the 2015 Wireless Communications Conference (RA-15) for discussion and successfully completed the IMT-2020 vision phase. research work. According to the IMT-2020 work plan proposed by the ITU, the research on 5G technical performance requirements and evaluation methods will be launched in early 2016. The 5G candidate proposal will be launched at the end of 2017, the 5G technology evaluation and standardization will be launched by the end of 2018, and the standard setting will be completed by the end of 2020. This article focuses on the main research findings of the ITU in terms of 5G vision and challenges.

1. The ITU defines 5G service trends, application scenarios and traffic trends.

In the ITU's IMT-2020 vision research, the business trends, key capabilities and system characteristics of the next-generation IMT system were comprehensively discussed, and the industry gradually reached a consensus on the framework and core capabilities of the IMT-2020 system.

In terms of business, 5G will fully support the "people-centered" mobile Internet business experience while fully supporting the "material-centric" IoT business, realizing the intelligent interconnection of people, people and things and things and things. . In terms of application scenarios, 5G will support three major application scenarios: enhanced mobile broadband, massive machine-like communication, and ultra-high-reliability and low-latency communication. In the design of 5G systems, it is necessary to fully consider the different scenarios and service differentiation requirements. In terms of traffic trends, video traffic growth, user equipment growth and new application popularity will become the main driving force for future mobile communication traffic growth. From 2020 to 2030, global mobile communication traffic will grow by tens to 100 times, reflecting two major trends: First, traffic in large cities and hotspots is growing rapidly. Second, the asymmetry of upstream and downstream services is further deepened, especially in different regions and daily time periods.

Second, the ITU proposed 8 key capability indicators for 5G systems

In addition to traditional peak rate, mobility, delay and spectrum efficiency, the ITU has proposed four new key capability indicators: user experience rate, connection density, traffic density and energy efficiency to accommodate diverse 5G scenarios and services. demand. Among them, the 5G user experience rate can reach 100Mbps to 1Gbps, which can support the ultimate business experience such as mobile virtual reality; 5G peak rate can reach 10 to 20Gbps, traffic density can reach 10Mbps/square meter, and can support mobile traffic growth of more than one thousand times in the future. 5G connection number density can reach 1 million / square kilometers, can effectively support massive IoT equipment; 5G transmission delay can reach the order of milliseconds, can meet the stringent requirements of vehicle networking and industrial control; 5G can support 500 kilometers /hour of movement speed, can achieve a good user experience in a high-speed rail environment. In addition, in order to ensure the effective use of spectrum and energy, the spectrum efficiency of 5G will be 3 to 5 times higher than that of 4G, and the energy efficiency will be 100 times higher than that of 4G.

The five different types of future application scenarios, such as enhanced mobile broadband, massive machine-like communication, and ultra-high-reliability and low-latency communication, will bring different challenges to 5G systems. Among them, the enhancement of mobile broadband is mainly for the human-centered traditional mobile communication scenario and its new requirements. The 5G system needs to comprehensively improve the user experience rate, traffic density, peak rate, mobility, energy efficiency and spectrum efficiency to enhance the user experience. For massive machine-like communication scenarios, a large number of machine-type devices will be connected to the network and not continuously send small packets. The main requirements for 5G systems are the number of connections that can be supported and the energy efficiency of the network. For ultra-reliable low-latency communication scenarios, latency is the most important capability indicator. In addition, in order to support the Internet of Vehicles business, this scenario also puts higher demands on mobility.

In order to promote 5G technology and standards research, the ITU plans to launch a full-scale technical assessment research work in early 2016. Based on the application scenarios and key capabilities proposed in the 5G vision study, this research will simultaneously carry out research on 5G system performance requirements, evaluation criteria and methods. The system performance requirements study includes a definition of the technology requirements and a determination of the value of the indicators, which will be completed in early 2017. Evaluation criteria and methodological studies include defining test scenarios, clarifying assessment methods and processes, and building assessment models, which will be completed in mid-2017. The 5G technology assessment needs to consider new application scenarios to support both traditional mobile broadband services and new IoT services, and to study the evaluation methods for 5G new indicators.

Third, summary and outlook

For the mobile Internet and IoT business needs in 2020 and beyond, 5G will meet the demand of mobile data growth in the future in a sustainable way, and will provide users with fiber-like access rate, “zero” delay. User experience, 100 million devices connectivity, ultra-high traffic density, ultra-high connection density and ultra-high mobility, consistent services, business and user-aware intelligent optimization, and bring 100 times more energy efficiency to the network .

At present, the global industry has basically reached a consensus that the global unified 5G standard that meets ITU requirements will be developed in 3GPP, and 5G commercialization will be realized around 2020. In order to achieve the above objectives, 3GPP has planned to start the 5G standard research in early 2016, complete the first version of the 5G technical standard including some functions in 2018, and complete the 5G complete standard meeting the ITU requirements by the end of 2019.

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