A dialyzer is an artificial kidney used to treat people with blood diseases or impaired kidney function. The dialyzer is a number of processor-based devices that contain an electromechanical control of the extracorporeal blood path, which uses a pump and a semi-permeable membrane to filter the patient's blood. From an operational point of view, dialysis equipment needs to meet specific safety conditions, one of which is single fault tolerance. This means that a single point of failure in a pump, motor, tube or electronics does not endanger the patient and exposes them to dangerous environments. This means that there are several redundant components and circuits in the system and a separation mechanism for " watchdog " management. These devices may include passive components and active components such as control devices, sensors, motors, heaters, pumps, and valve drivers. Typically, the " safe mode " of operation means that the arterial blood pump will be disabled and the venous line will be clamped to prevent unsafe blood from flowing into the patient.
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Typical circuits in dialyzers include:
Sensor Control Board: Includes analog to digital converter, precision reference, clock and VCO, and instrumentation or operational amplifier. While these circuits need to respond quickly, the devices included here are generally more oriented toward higher precision than the high speeds considered today. Some of these are also driven by the need to validate measurement or alarm signals and coordinate responses across the system, rather than just responding to random incentives. The A/D used here will provide high reliability, good noise immunity (note the motor and pump included in the system) and high precision.
Arterial and Vein Control Cards: These parts of the system can
Can include the following functions: arterial and venous pressure sensors, blood pumps, tube clamps, level sensors, blood detection sensors and various other monitoring and control functions. Since the TI C2xxx DSPs are targeted at motor drive and industrial sensor applications, they have become the ideal microcontroller choice in these areas. It not only provides drive and diagnostic functions, but also enables RPM and motor coil current sensing as well as reading pressure transmitter data. It also supports the redundancy required in the system with minimal cost impact.
Motor / Pump Driver: The dialyzer contains many motors, pumps, valves and heaters. Each component may require a specific drive circuit, and for C2xxx controllers, some of these components can be driven directly. Choosing the right D/A converter and driver amplifier is very important for motor / pump control and the expected life of the motor / pump. Any value or motor drive difficulty and signal noise will cause them to heat up quickly and degrade performance, and affect the overall comfort of the patient connected to the machine. From the high-performance 32 -bit controllers in the TI C2xxx family , to the precision analog series of amplifiers and data converters, to a range of power management solutions, TI offers the right components and support.
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