Tunnel lighting: 4. Highlights of energy saving and emission reduction in Shaanxi Expressway Tunnel

Since the beginning of the new century, with the large-scale construction of expressways approaching the Huangtugou area in northern Shaanxi and the Qinba mountainous area in southern Shaanxi, the highway tunnels in Shaanxi have developed by leaps and bounds. The number of tunnels is large, large in scale and long in mileage. At the end of the year, the province has built more than 810 expressway tunnels and 704 kilometers, which has become a major province of the country. It is most famous for the Qinling Zhongnanshan Tunnel, the Baojiashan Tunnel and the Changlong Tunnel and Tunnel Group of the Xihan and Xishang Expressways on the Xikang Expressway. Among them, the Qinling Zhongnanshan Highway Tunnel is 18.02 kilometers long. It is the world's largest and second-long road tunnel. The tunnel has developed many advanced technologies for highway tunnels and is a landmark project of highway tunnels in China.

Due to the short history of China's comprehensive promotion of tunnel lighting work and tunnel lighting technology, the first road tunnel ventilation lighting design specification issued by the Ministry of Communications in 2000 has insufficient research on the visual physiology and driving behavior characteristics of Chinese vehicle drivers. A large number of references and the use of foreign technical standards and empirical data, there are many problems. At the same time, due to the rapid development of highway construction in China, the construction period is relatively concentrated, and a large number of tunnels are built in the short term. In the case of insufficient experience and research support, many tunnel lighting designs have deviations in understanding and implementation specifications, resulting in actual operation results. There are many problems.

Tunnel lighting is a systematic project. The pavement type, decoration, portal type, surrounding environment of the tunnel, tunnel ventilation, etc. all have a great impact on tunnel lighting. The "Design Guidance Opinions" put forward clear requirements for this. The tunnel lighting system design should follow the design concept of "safety, energy saving, environmental protection and practicality". The lighting calculation parameters should be selected reasonably, and should be refined design to ensure safe driving and not Under the premise of affecting the capacity, the project investment and operation management and maintenance costs are saved as much as possible. The "Design Guidance" requires that for tunnels longer than 300 meters, electro-optical illumination systems should be installed in both near and long term. For tunnels with a length of 100 meters to 300 meters, whether or not an electro-optic lighting system is installed in the near future should be considered in combination with the flat and vertical line shape of the tunnel. If the tunnel entrance and exit conditions are good, the electro-optic lighting system may not be provided, otherwise an electro-optic lighting system shall be provided; In the long-term, the electro-optic lighting system should be installed. The design of the reserved pre-buried project should be completed and completed in the construction of the main body of the tunnel. For short tunnels with good visibility and no electro-optic illumination, LED-induced lamps should be installed and powered by solar energy or from adjacent tunnels. For tunnels less than 100 meters in length, no electro-optical illumination system can be installed in both near and long-term directions...

Apply new technologies to boost energy conservation and emission reduction

After the introduction of the "Guidelines for the Design of Expressway Tunnel Lighting System in Shaanxi Province", all highway operation and management units in Shaanxi Province actively adopted new technologies and new ones in tunnel lighting in accordance with the requirements of "Scientific Office Traffic" and "Diligence and Traffic Management". Products promote the realization of energy saving and emission reduction.

Take the Mohe Village Tunnel in the eastern section of the 10-day high-speed highway. The tunnel has a length of 4182 meters and a length of 4217 meters. The original design of the lighting system is designed with double-sided high-pressure sodium lamps, and then changed to LED tunnel lighting. The tunnel LED lighting project is the Shaanxi Provincial Demonstration Project for the application of semiconductor tunnel lights in the Ministry of Transport. Construction started in August 2011 and was completed at the end of December 2011. As of now, the operation is in good condition. The original design of the tunnel lighting system uses double-sided high-pressure sodium lamp layout, including 400W high-pressure sodium lamp 208盏, 250W high-pressure sodium lamp 120盏, 100W high-pressure sodium lamp 1712盏, estimated annual lighting power consumption is about 2.5 million degrees; LED tunnel light is adopted. After that, use 100W LED lamp 84盏, 55W LED lamp 1318盏, 35W LED lamp 137盏, annual electricity consumption is about 750,000 degrees. The use of LED light tunnel lighting is only 30% of the sodium lamp solution, and the energy saving effect is remarkable.

The 10-day high-speed Ankang West section Xiaocagou Tunnel (length 0.18 km) and Zhujiagou Tunnel (length 0.46 km) are under construction to carry out road tunnel lighting solar power supply system, solar road tunnel lighting special control system, high illumination under high illumination Specific application research of color tunnel lighting fixtures (LED lights). After the Xiaocaogou Tunnel and the Zhujiagou Tunnel were adjusted to LED lights by the original designed high-pressure sodium lamp, the power consumption of the equipment was 30 kW, and the estimated annual electricity consumption was about 262,800 kWh. According to the person in charge of the maintenance department of Baiquan Branch of Shaanxi Expressway Group, which is responsible for the operation and management of the road section, the solar power supply system guarantees 1.8 hours of power supply in the case of 1 hour of sunshine. According to the local meteorological conditions, the average annual sunshine hours are 1811 hours, and the annual energy supply through solar energy is 3260 hours. According to the tunnel lighting power, the solar power supply system generates electricity of 97,800 kWh (30KW×3260 hours) per year. After using solar energy and using LED lamps in Xiaocaogou and Zhujiagou tunnels, it is estimated that the annual energy consumption will be 1.771 million degrees (1.6732 million + 97,800, theoretical value).

At the same time of applying mature new technologies, Shaanxi traffic people are based on engineering practice, actively researching and developing new technologies and gaining benefits: a new type of highway tunnel lighting energy-saving and environmental protection scheme - vehicle inductive tunnel lighting intelligent control system, by Shaanxi High-speed Electronic Engineering Co., Ltd. The company's research and development was successful and was applied at the Yangjiawan Tunnel in the Hanzhong West Section of the Ten-Day Expressway at the end of 2011. The tunnel is about 250 meters long and has a permeability of 30%. It uses LED lighting fixtures with a total power of 17 kilowatts. The system is mainly applied to tunnels with small traffic volume. Based on vehicle detection technology, it controls the opening and closing of lamps for vehicles. In the no-vehicle time interval, the lighting fixtures are turned off, which greatly reduces the waste of electric energy and has significant energy saving benefits. According to the authoritative organization, compared with the high-pressure sodium lamp loop control system, the vehicle inductive lighting control system saves 69% of electricity annually.

Fine management to enhance energy saving and emission reduction

All operating units of the whole system actively explore and continuously innovate in the daily management according to their actual conditions, improve the institutionalization of tunnel lighting, refined management, automatic control, and standardized operation level, under the premise of meeting the current requirements and ensuring driving safety. By increasing the control loop and scientifically turning on the lighting, the waste of electricity is avoided, the efficient operation of the electrical equipment is realized, the tunnel lighting and ventilation energy consumption are significantly reduced, and the energy saving and emission reduction is implemented, and the actual situation is also achieved. Economic benefits.

Shaanxi Communications Group revised and improved the tunnel lighting rules and regulations, and revised the “Measures for the Administration of Highway Lighting of Shaanxi Communications Group” in accordance with the principle of “safety, standardization and economy”, and unified the landscape and induced lighting along highway tunnels and roads. specification. Considering the geographical location and road conditions, traffic composition and flow changes, climate and other factors of different road sections, the tunnel lighting parameters were scientifically determined; the tunnel lighting control mode was refined, and the control principle of “one road to implement unified lighting control combination mode” was formulated. Clearing the opening mode of tunnel lighting under different lighting conditions in sunny, cloud, overcast, heavy and cloudy, night and night, unified the conversion time of different seasons and day and night lighting modes, and the tunnel lighting system loop from the original 2 Optimized to 4, making the lighting combination of medium and short tunnels more scientific. Remote automatic lighting control is realized, and the tunnel lighting system is transformed into a loop with remote automatic and manual control. The illuminance detector was installed in the South Fifth Tunnel of Xikang Expressway and the online control software was improved. The lamp opening mode was adjusted in real time according to the brightness change outside the hole, and the automatic adjustment of the brightness outside the hole and the illuminance in the hole was realized.

Take the Baomao Expressway Qinling Zhongnanshan Highway Tunnel as an example. The tunnel is mainly used for lighting and wind turbines, mainly including fans, lighting and other equipment. The total power consumption is 12,652 kW. According to the current actual power consumption, lighting accounts for about 20%. Fans account for more than 70%. The Shaanxi Communications Group Tunnel Branch, which is responsible for the operation and management of this section, conscientiously implements the spirit of energy conservation and emission reduction, and adopts the principles of fine management, energy conservation according to law, and dynamic adjustment to reduce unnecessary power loss while ensuring air visibility and illumination. The branch established a power-saving leading group to formulate various system measures, work plans, rewards and punishments regulations for power-saving work, responsible for the use and management of power-saving funds, and macro-manage the power usage of the Qinling Zhongnanshan Highway Tunnel to guide the power-saving work. Regular meetings are held to study and solve major problems in power saving work. Dynamically turn on the daily mode of lighting power saving, dynamically turn on the fan power saving working mode, and implement the opening mode of the combination of the axial flow fan and the jet fan. Formulate tunnel ventilation section allocation table, tunnel axial flow fan distribution table, ventilation lighting day opening record table, ventilation lighting monthly electricity consumption statistics table, air quality inspection record summary table of each department, daily air quality monitoring summary table of each section of tunnel, tunnel Daily air quality assessment form, tunnel monthly air quality assessment form, tunnel quarter air quality assessment form, tunnel annual air quality assessment form. After the application of various measures, the electricity consumption of tunnels has been declining year by year: in 2012, the electricity consumption decreased by 34% compared with 2011. In the first five months of this year, when the traffic volume increased by 58.23%, the electricity consumption decreased by 31.26%.

Another Xi'an-Hanzhong Expressway passing through the Qinling Mountains is operated and managed by the Shaanxi Branch of Shaanxi Expressway Group. The section of the tunnel is 137/103.5km. Through the development and improvement of the "Tunnel Lighting Opening Plan" and "Tunnel Fan Start-Stop Plan" and other energy-saving schemes, the West Han Branch realized remote local and local control of the tunnel electromechanical equipment to improve reliability, controllability and convenience. The remote control of the loop adjusts the brightness in the tunnel. The remote control of the jet fan accelerates the air flow in the tunnel. The 10KV dual-loop power supply realizes automatic switching of the low-voltage side line. Optimize the two energy consumption systems of lighting and ventilation. Under the premise of ensuring safety, measure the illumination of the tunnel entrance and the brightness of the tunnel in the field, determine the number and time period of lighting fixtures, and adjust the fan speed and start and stop time. The energy-saving benefits brought by the refined management are very intuitive. The relevant person in charge of the tunnel management center of the West Han Branch said that in 2010, the lighting and ventilation of the Qinling section of the West Han Expressway consumed more than 31 million kWh, and in 2011 it fell to more than 27 million degrees. The annual drop was 25.6 million degrees.

While strengthening daily management to promote energy conservation and emission reduction, Shaanxi Provincial Department of Transportation actively carried out research on tunnel energy-saving and emission reduction technologies, and successively established "Research on Comprehensive Energy-saving Technology for Expressway Long Tunnels" and "Energy Saving Equipment Configuration Technology for Long Tunnel Operation" "Study on the promotion and application of LED energy-saving lighting technology for highway tunnels", research on integrated energy-saving technology for tunnel ventilation and lighting; determination of tunnel ventilation calculation methods and parameters, fan configuration and optimization, tunnel interior lighting mode and selection of lamps And layout optimization research, tunnel monitoring system optimization research, tunnel fire system optimization program research; research on highway tunnel LED lighting source, LED light source illumination and color temperature and color rendering, road tunnel driving visual effect and LED light source illumination, color temperature, display Research on the relationship between chromaticity, research on highway tunnel LED lighting standards, etc., so that the research results can be adopted for reference in other tunnel operation systems and road lighting systems.