I. Classification of solid mercury
Second, the characteristics of mercury fixation
Third, how to choose solid mercury
4. Mercury fixation for straight tube fluorescent lamps
5. Mercury fixation for compact fluorescent lamps with bare lamps
6. Solid mercury for spiral tube bare lamp
7. Mercury with cover for compact fluorescent lamps
Eight, indium (In) network
Nine, summary
First, the classification of solid mercury
In ancient China, the "alloy" was called "qi", and the alloy of mercury and other metals was called amalgam. There are many types of amalgam, and there are many manufacturing methods. Amalgams for lamps include: Zn-Hg, Bi-Pb-Sn-Hg, Bi-In-Hg, etc., and also include Zn, Ni, Hg cylinder amalgams.
Solid mercury refers to a mercury-containing solid mixture in which mercury is mostly adsorbed in a carrier in the form of atoms or fine mercury particles. Such as: Fe, Cu and other metals and mercury in the form of cylindrical solid mercury, the solid mercury also contains a small part of the amalgam, this solid mercury mercury vapor pressure temperature characteristics are almost the same as liquid mercury
We refer to amalgam and solid mercury as solid mercury, and solid mercury is solid at room temperature.
1. Mercury is divided according to the manufacturing method and particle shape: the melt dropping method, the particles are spheres, and the products are Zn-Hg, Sn-Hg, Zn-Sn-Hg, Bi-Sn-Hg, Bi-Pb-Sn-Hg. , Bi-In-Hg, In-Pb-Hg and other pellets; pressing method, the particles are often cylindrical, the product has Zn, Ni, Hg cylinder amalgam, Fe, Cu, Hg cylinder solid mercury.
2. Mercury can be divided into two categories according to the characteristics of controlling mercury vapor:
One type is a non-controlled mercury vapor pressure profile, including solid mercury and a partial amalgam. This type of mercury fixation features:
1 The change of mercury vapor pressure with the temperature of solid mercury is close to that of liquid mercury, the temperature is low, the mercury vapor pressure is low, the temperature is high, the mercury vapor pressure is high, and the temperature corresponding to the saturated mercury vapor pressure is 0.8Pa or 1.0Pa, and the mercury vapor pressure is referenced. Temperature characteristic curve Figure 1.
2 light output from 90% to 100% fluctuation corresponding to the continuous operating temperature - hereinafter ΔT90 about 25 ° C, light output from 95% to 100% fluctuation corresponding to the continuous operating temperature - hereinafter ΔT95 about 15 ° C, lack A wide operating temperature range that stabilizes the light output.
3 The saturated mercury vapor pressure at low temperature or normal temperature is slightly lower than liquid mercury.
This type of mercury fixation generally does not require an auxiliary In network to assist in the startup and is used to replace liquid mercury.
The other is to control the mercury vapor pressure type, such as: Bi-Pb-Sn-Hg, Bi-In-Hg, In-Pb-Hg, etc., such mercury can control the mercury vapor pressure in a wide temperature range. Near 1.0 Pa, the solid mercury work at higher temperatures can still achieve high light efficiency. Control of mercury vapor pressure type solid mercury varies with the composition of each metal element, and its working temperature range ΔT90, ΔT95 is different. ΔT90 is generally greater than 35 ° C and ΔT 95 is greater than 25 ° C. Controlling mercury vapor pressure type solid mercury generally requires an auxiliary In network to help start.
Commonly used non-controlled mercury vapor pressure type solid mercury and control mercury vapor pressure type solid mercury are as follows:
2. Mercury can be divided into two categories according to the characteristics of controlling mercury vapor:
One type is a non-controlled mercury vapor pressure profile, including solid mercury and a partial amalgam. This type of mercury fixation features:
1 The change of mercury vapor pressure with the temperature of solid mercury is close to that of liquid mercury, the temperature is low, the mercury vapor pressure is low, the temperature is high, the mercury vapor pressure is high, and the temperature corresponding to the saturated mercury vapor pressure is 0.8Pa or 1.0Pa, and the mercury vapor pressure is referenced. Temperature characteristic curve Figure 1.
2 light output from 90% to 100% fluctuation corresponding to the continuous operating temperature - hereinafter ΔT90 about 25 ° C, light output from 95% to 100% fluctuation corresponding to the continuous operating temperature - hereinafter ΔT95 about 15 ° C, lack A wide operating temperature range that stabilizes the light output.
3 The saturated mercury vapor pressure at low temperature or normal temperature is slightly lower than liquid mercury.
This type of mercury fixation generally does not require an auxiliary In network to assist in the startup and is used to replace liquid mercury.
The other is to control the mercury vapor pressure type, such as: Bi-Pb-Sn-Hg, Bi-In-Hg, In-Pb-Hg, etc., such mercury can control the mercury vapor pressure in a wide temperature range. Near 1.0 Pa, the solid mercury work at higher temperatures can still achieve high light efficiency. Control of mercury vapor pressure type solid mercury varies with the composition of each metal element, and its working temperature range ΔT90, ΔT95 is different. ΔT90 is generally greater than 35 ° C and ΔT 95 is greater than 25 ° C. Controlling mercury vapor pressure type solid mercury generally requires an auxiliary In network to help start.
Commonly used non-controlled mercury vapor pressure type solid mercury and control mercury vapor pressure type solid mercury are as follows:
3, solid mercury according to the melting temperature is divided into: high melting temperature solid mercury (generally referred to as melting temperature higher than 180 ° C), low melting temperature solid mercury (generally referred to as melting temperature below 180 ° C).
Commonly used high melting temperature solid mercury and low melting temperature solid mercury are as follows:
