When designing, we should consider the classification of roads (urban roads, expressways, trunk roads, branch roads, secondary roads). Type of luminaire (conventional lighting, semi-high pole lighting, cut-off luminaire, half-cut luminaire, floodlight), luminaire parameters (lighting efficiency, maintenance factor, installation height of the luminaire, cantilever length, arm length, pavement Effective width, inductivity, average road surface brightness, road surface brightness uniformity), road surface parameters (longitudinal uniformity of road surface brightness, average illuminance of road surface, total uniformity of road surface illumination, average brightness of luminaires, upper light transmittance of lamps, glare, Disability glare, threshold increment, environmental ratio, intersection area, road lighting power density, telecontrol terminal, etc. 
Road lighting standard
Road lighting standard
First, the standard value of motor vehicle traffic road lighting
The lighting standard values ​​of motor vehicle traffic roads with continuous illumination shall comply with the requirements of Table 1.
When selecting the lighting standard value for the same level of road, the nature and scale of the city should be considered. The small and medium-sized cities can choose the low-grade value; the traffic control system and the road with perfect road separation facilities, select the low-grade value in the table, and vice versa. value.
Second, the standard value of the lighting area
Illumination in the intersection area should be based on illuminance as the evaluation index, and its standard value should meet the requirements of Table 2:
When the low-level illuminance value is selected for each level of road, the corresponding intersection area should select the low-grade illuminance value in this standard, and vice versa.
Third, pedestrian road lighting standard value
The lighting standard values ​​of pedestrian roads in commercial areas and residential areas, which are mainly used for the mixed use of pedestrians and non-motor vehicles, shall comply with the requirements of Table 3:
The illumination of the non-motor vehicle lanes provided on one or both sides of the motor vehicle traffic road that is not separated from the motor vehicle lane shall be the lighting standard of the motor vehicle traffic road; the average illumination value of the non-motor vehicle road separated from the motor vehicle traffic road shall be the phase 1/2 of the illuminance value of the adjacent motor vehicle traffic road;
Pedestrian road lighting on one side or both sides of a motor vehicle traffic road. When the pedestrian and non-motor vehicle lanes are mixed, the average illuminance value of the pedestrian road is the same as that of the non-motor vehicle road lighting. When the pedestrian road and the non-motor vehicle road are divided, the average illuminance value of the pedestrian road should be 1/2 of the adjacent non-motor vehicle road illumination value, but not less than 5lx.
Light source, luminaire and its accessory selection
High-pressure sodium lamps should be used for expressways, trunk roads, secondary trunk roads and branch roads; high-pressure sodium lamps or low-power metal halide lamps should be used for mixed traffic roads in residential areas; pedestrians, city centres, commercial centers, etc. Metal halide lamps can be used for motor vehicle traffic roads; small-power metal halide lamps, thin-tube fluorescent lamps or compact fluorescent lamps can be used for pedestrian walkways in commercial areas, pedestrian roads in residential areas, and motorized traffic roads; road lighting should not be used. Self-ballasted high pressure mercury lamps and incandescent lamps are used.
The expressway and trunk roads must adopt cut-off or half-cut light-type lamps; the secondary trunk roads should adopt half-cut light-type lamps; the branch roads should adopt half-cut light-type lamps.
Lighting methods and design requirements
First, the way of lighting
Road lighting design should choose conventional lighting mode or high pole lighting mode according to the characteristics of roads and places and lighting requirements. The arrangement of conventional lighting fixtures can be divided into a single-sided arrangement, a double-sided staggered arrangement, a bilaterally symmetric arrangement, a centrally symmetric arrangement, and a lateral suspension arrangement (Figure 1). When using conventional lighting methods, the choice should be made according to the cross-section form, width and lighting requirements of the road, and should meet the following requirements:
The cantilever length of the luminaire should not exceed 1/4 of the installation height, and the elevation angle of the luminaire should not exceed 15°; the arrangement, installation height and spacing of the luminaire can be determined according to Table 4:
When adopting the high pole lighting mode, the luminaire and its arrangement, the installation position, height, spacing of the pole and the projection direction of the maximum light intensity of the luminaire shall meet the following requirements:
1. The three luminaire configurations of plane symmetry, radial symmetry and asymmetry can be selected according to different conditions (Fig. 2). The high pole lights arranged around the wide road and the large area should adopt the plane symmetrical configuration; the high pole lights arranged in the interior of the site or the compact layout of the lanes should adopt the radial symmetrical arrangement; Or a three-way crossover high pole light with a dispersed lane layout should adopt an asymmetric configuration;
2. The poles shall not be located in dangerous places or in places where transportation is seriously obstructed;
3. The maximum light intensity projection direction and vertical angle of the luminaire should not exceed 65°;
4. The high pole lights installed in the urban area should be coordinated with the environment on the premise of meeting the lighting function requirements.
Second, the lighting settings
1. The lighting level of the intersection should meet the standard value of the lighting in the intersection area, and the average illuminance within 5m outside the intersection should not be less than 1/2 of the average illuminance of the intersection;
2. At the intersection, the light source with different color charts of the connected road, the lamps with different shapes, different installation heights or different lamp arrangement modes may be adopted;
3. The luminaires at the crossroads can be arranged in a single-sided arrangement, staggered arrangement or symmetric arrangement according to the specific conditions of the road. Additional poles and luminaires can be installed at large intersections and glare should be limited. When there is a large traffic island, you can set up lights on the island or use high pole lighting;
4. T-shaped intersections should be equipped with lamps at the end of the road (Figure 3);
5. The lighting at the roundabout should fully reflect the roundabout, traffic island and curb. When using conventional lighting, the luminaire should be placed outside the toroidal road (Figure 4). When the diameter of the roundabout is large, a high pole light can be set on the roundabout, and the light fixture should be selected and the position of the light pole should be determined according to the principle that the brightness of the roadway is higher than the brightness of the roundabout.
6, curve section
(1) Curved sections with a radius of 1km or more, the illumination can be processed according to the straight line segment;
(2) For curved sections with a radius of 1km or less, the luminaires should be arranged along the outside of the curve, and the spacing of the luminaires should be reduced. The spacing should be 50%~70% of the distance between the lamps of the straight line segment (Fig. 5). The smaller the radius, the spacing should also be The smaller. The length of the cantilever is also shortened accordingly. On the road section of the reaction curve, the luminaire should be fixed on one side, and additional luminaires can be added on the outside of the curve when the line of sight is broken (Fig. 6).
(3) When the road surface of the curved section is wider and needs to be arranged on both sides, it is better to adopt a symmetrical arrangement;
(4) The lamps at the corners shall not be installed on the extension of the straight line segments (Fig. 7);
(5) Luminaires installed at sharp turns should provide adequate illumination for vehicles, curbs, guardrails and adjacent areas.
(6) When setting the illumination on the slope, the symmetry plane of the luminaire in the direction parallel to the road axis should be perpendicular to the road surface. In the range of the convex vertical curve ramp, the installation spacing of the luminaire should be reduced, and the cut-off luminaire should be used.
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