Scientists make breakthroughs in making ultra-bright OLEDs

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) made of carbon-containing materials are expected to bring about a technological revolution in displays in the future, such as using them to make ultra-thin, low-energy displays that can be folded or wrapped in other structures.

Conventional liquid crystal displays require fluorescent lamps or conventional light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to provide a background light source, while OLEDs do not require backlighting. A larger technological breakthrough is based on OLED laser diodes. Scientists have always dreamed of making organic lasers, but they have been limited by some characteristics of organic materials. For example, organic materials are usually not effective in generating the high current required for lasers. Work under conditions.

Recent research by researchers from California and Japan has shown that the use of fine-mode OLEDs to produce bright, low-energy light sources has led scientists to take a critical step toward organic lasers. This week was featured as a cover highlight on the Applied Physics Letters published by the American Physical Society.

Researchers have shown that the key to this achievement is to limit charge transport and recombination to the nanoscale region, thereby extending the electroluminescent efficiency roll-off beyond the sharply reduced current density of OLED efficiency - approximately two orders of magnitude . The new device structure does this by suppressing heat generation and preventing charge recombination.

"The important role of suppressing roll-off is to increase the efficiency of the device at high brightness," said Chihaya Adachi, of Kyushu University, one of the authors of the article. "The result is that the device achieves the same high brightness at low power consumption."

“For years, scientists working on organic semiconductors have been dreaming of making electric organic lasers,” said another author, Thuc-Quyen Nguyen of the University of California, Santa Barbara. . “Laser operates under extreme conditions and its current is significantly higher than that in conventional displays and lighting. At high currents, the energy consumption process is more pronounced, making it difficult to launch lasers.”

“We believe that this research to reduce energy consumption is a step toward achieving organic lasers,” Nguyen added.

How OLEDs work is based on the interaction of electrons and holes. “Give an example of the image,” Adachi said. “You can think of organic semiconductors as a subway filled with passengers. The seats represent the molecules, and the passengers represent high-energy particles, that is, electronics. When people get on the bus from one end of the subway. At the same time, they carry additional energy and want to find a place to sit and relax. At the same time, other passengers get up and get off the other side of the subway, leaving some positions or "holes" by the station. The passengers are filled. When the standing passengers sit down and relax, they release the energy they carry. For OLEDs, they release light energy."

Manufacturing OLED-based lasers requires current densities of up to several thousand amperes per square centimeter (kA/cm2), but to this day, current densities are still limited by thermal effects. “At high current densities, brightness is subject to the annihilation process,” Adachi said. "You can imagine that this is like a passenger on the subway colliding with each other and losing energy, instead of sitting down and releasing light energy."

In previous work, Adachi and his collaborators demonstrated the performance of OLEDs at current densities in excess of one ampere per square centimeter (1 kA/cm2), but did not achieve the efficiency required for laser and bright illumination. In this article, they show that efficiency problems can be solved by using electron beam lithography to create a fine-mode OLED structure. The tiny device area supports a charge injection density of 2.8 kA/cm2 while maintaining a luminous efficiency 100 times higher than before. “In our device structure, we effectively limit the entrance and exit to the middle of the subway. This way, passengers can spread to the less crowded subways, thus reducing collisions and annihilation.”


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