In the early days of cellular mobile phone network construction, the coverage radius of the cell was usually large, generally around 1 to 2.5 kilometers, and some even reached more than 20 kilometers. At this time, the base station is usually a macrocell base station. Because the coverage area of ​​the cell is large, there are often two special small areas in the coverage area: one is the shadow area caused by obstacles during the propagation of the radio wave, called "blind area"; the other is due to the cell The internal traffic distribution is uneven, resulting in a number of areas with particularly busy services, called "busy areas." In order to solve the problem of dead zone and busy zone, micro-cell technology has appeared, such as Metrocell, Femtocell, Picocell and so on. In cities, communities where users are concentrated, and prosperous neighborhoods, these microcell base stations can effectively increase network capacity and enhance users' online experience.
With the substantial increase in the number of smart Internet devices worldwide, the amount of data and image transmission is also increasing, causing a data explosion on the mobile network. In China, since Xiamen became the first wireless city in China in 2008, hundreds of domestic cities in China have successively established similar high-speed wireless network coverage to improve the level of information infrastructure in domestic cities. But in fact, the increase in the data throughput of urban base station networks has increased more rapidly, making the early macro cellular wireless network and many existing micro cellular networks heavily loaded, not only challenging the support capacity and data of macro cell base stations for network bandwidth Throughput capacity also makes the demand for microcell base stations such as Metrocell and Femtocell continue to rise. Therefore, to support LTE and LTE Advanced technologies while reducing costs and deploying the future-oriented new WCDMA (HSPA +) standard, macrocells and microcells need to have more powerful communication processor platform support.
Leading semiconductor manufacturers continue to provide high-performance, low-power communication processor platform solutions to the market with years of R & D strength and practical application experience.
Freescale, a global leader in embedded processing solutions, is one such manufacturer. It provides technologies from microprocessors, microcontrollers to sensors, analog integrated circuits, and high-speed interconnections to continuously improve industry, networking, automotive, and consumer And other market application experience. In the field of network communication, Freescale's QorIQ Qonverge series of scalable processors based on the same architecture can meet the multiple needs from microcell to macrocell base station processor platforms, bringing users a new experience in network communication.
QorIQ Qonverge series
QorIQ Qonverge series is a highly integrated communication processor platform launched by Freescale for network communication. It is a multi-core heterogeneous base station product with high scalability. Its important feature is that it can meet the multi-standard requirements from microcell to macrocell . The QorIQ Qonverge processor integrates one or more Power Architecture cores, high-performance programmable StarCore DSP, MAPLE multi-mode baseband accelerator, message processing acceleration engine, interconnect structure and next node processing technology. The platform enables OEMs to reuse software regardless of the size of the cell. Customers can use common hardware, software architecture and tools to minimize capital expenditures and benefit from comprehensive solutions that accelerate time to market.
QorIQ Qonverge processor for microcell base stations
In the microcell base station market, QorIQ Qonverge processors have accounted for more than 50% of the market. The BSC9130 / 31 femtocell SoC under this series of processors can simultaneously support 8 to 16 users, and is one of the first QorIQ Qonverge processor products available in the market. The processor supports a range of air interfaces, including LTE (FDD / TDD), WCDMA (UMTS, HSPA +), WiMAX and CDMA. The device also uses seamless RFIC communication and antenna interface, without the need for additional chips (such as FPGA), thereby saving board space and reducing costs. In addition, the ultra-integrated BSC913x series also supports GPS synchronization and 2G / WCDMA / LTE interception.
The QorIQ Qonverge PSC9132 processor provides strong support for the microcell base station launched by wireless infrastructure provider ip.access. ip.access's E-100 Access Point faces the enterprise market and supports concurrent 3G and LTE transmission. The lightRadio Wi-Fi solution launched by telecommunications software and hardware equipment and service provider Alcatel-Lucent can improve the operator's wireless network capacity, efficiency and coverage. The lightRadio also uses QorIQ Qonverge processors.
QorIQ Qonverge processor for macrocell base station
For the macrocell base station market, Freescale's QorIQ Qonverge B4860 baseband processor is the first macrocell on-chip base station product based on the QorIQ Qonverge multimode platform, and supports LTE, LTE-Advanced, and WCDMA standards. The B4860 single-chip solution is compatible with QorIQ Qonverge microcellular products. It not only has an efficient and high-performance core, but also provides application-specific accelerators and the best power / cost ratio.
The B4420 baseband processor is a new member of the QorIQ Qonverge family, which provides high throughput, allows up to 256 users to perform multi-mode operations at the same time, and supports LTE, LTE Advance, and WCDMA (HSPA +) standards, suitable for feature-rich micro / Base station for macro carrier deployment. The processor is designed for high-capacity urban areas and enhances outdoor coverage where macrocell coverage is insufficient. The B4420 provides the best coverage for end users and increases the operator ’s radio planning flexibility, providing it with high performance while reducing capital and operating expenses.
Both B4860 and B4420 are based on 28nm processing technology, but internal resources are different.
Among them, the overall programmable processing performance of the B4860 is as high as 14.4 GHz, integrating four e6500 dual-thread Power Architecture processor cores to achieve 61000 processor CoreMark. Six fixed-point and floating-point SC3900FP DSP cores can achieve fixed-point performance of 230.4 billion multiply-multiply operations (GMACS) and 115.2 billion floating-point operations (GFLOPS) per second. Together with the four AlTIVec SIMD engines embedded in the e6500 core, a total of IEEE 754 floating-point performance of 172.8 billion floating-point operations per second can be achieved. The combination of a powerful programmable core and a built-in IP packet processing and security acceleration engine provides excellent flexibility and excellent processing performance, and promotes the development of applications that require efficient and energy-saving systems with large-scale processing performance.
B4860 supports powerful system-on-chip computing resources. The B4860 system-on-chip integrates a series of high-speed standard interfaces for multi-purpose system-on-chips, including two 10 Gbps XFI / XAUI Ethernet controllers, four 2.5 Gbps / 1 Gbps SGMII Ethernet controllers, and two 8 channels supporting 5G Serial RapidIO v2.1 controller and a PCI Express Gen2 controller supporting 4 lanes under 5G. It also includes two DDR3 / 3L controllers, 64 / 72-bit error detection and correction at 1.887GHz, NAND / NOR flash controller, I2C, SPI, SDHC, USB and UART interfaces.
B4860 block diagram
The B4420 device integrates two 1.6GHz dual-threaded Power Architecture e6500 processor cores, two 1.2GHz StarCore digital signal processor (DSP) SC3900 flexible vector processor cores, and an efficient baseband multi-accelerator platform engine that supports L1 acceleration ( MAPLE-B) and an accelerator that supports L2 and transmission processing have achieved a leap in performance. The B4420 can provide up to two 20MHz LTE sectors, 600Mbps throughput and relay support with the best power / cost ratio, allowing designers to develop base stations with high user density, low cost and low power design.
The B4420 on-chip base station is designed to help operators adapt to the rapid adoption of data-centric 4G wireless devices while reducing the costs associated with 3G deployments. It provides a comprehensive and cost-effective processing solution that supports L1 transmission baseband processing, from backhaul IP packets to antenna IQ samples. High-speed and industry-standard interfaces provide seamless connections for antennas, Wi-Fi chipsets and backhaul.
B4420 block diagram
Introduce floating point technology
Freescale continues to improve the performance of its product range for macrocells. A few days ago, Freescale added advanced floating point technology to its B4 products B4860 and B4420 series, and launched new solutions for industrial control and general markets. This is also the first B4 family member to introduce floating point arithmetic.
In the era of data explosion, base station communication processors need to meet more intensive data calculation and processing capabilities, beyond computationally intensive applications such as radar, medical and media imaging, MAC scheduler processing in Cloud-RAN network architecture, video analysis, security , Industrial automation and test and measurement systems, these applications have extremely strict requirements for high-precision numerical calculations.
The introduction of advanced floating-point operations can support computationally intensive tasks. To this end, the industry's highest performance fixed-point DSP core-Freescale SC3900 processing unit introduced floating-point operations. The floating-point arithmetic function complements many advanced technologies integrated with QorIQ Qonverge system-on-chip, including high-performance processing, security, and network processing acceleration engines.
The production versions of the B4860 and B4420 system-on-chips, while introducing floating-point support, remain compatible with the binary code of the existing SC3900 core. In this way, customers who have developed software for these system-on-chips can enjoy development continuity.
Unlike many other heterogeneous multi-core architectures, the B4 family provides a complete cache coherence system that enables shared resources stored in local caches to maintain data consistency. This data consistency is not only reflected between L1 and shared L2 caches in the kernel cluster It is also reflected between different types of kernel clusters and external interfaces without software intervention. This performance improvement simplifies multi-core programming and greatly accelerates time to market.
The B4860 and B4420 system-on-chip and evaluation boards supporting Freescale floating-point technology are expected to be available in the third quarter of 2013.
Development tools for QorIQ Qonverge B4 series
Freescale's development ecosystem cooperation system for B4860 includes CodeWarrior Integrated Development Environment (IDE) based on Eclipse technology, providing a complete multi-core development platform. Optional tools include B4860QDS and B4420QDS development boards, C-optimized compilers for Power Architecture and StarCore cores, source-level multicore debuggers, device and kernel software emulators, optimized device drivers, Linux® SDK, and configuration and programming / Software analysis tool for data tracking. In addition, Freescale and its partner networks also provide efficient MPU and DSP operating systems equipped with BSP and SDK, including optimized device drivers.
Freescale also provides a rich product and service ecosystem to support the B4420 series, including CodeWarrior Integrated Development Environment (IDE) based on Eclipse technology that provides a comprehensive multi-core development environment. Available tools include QorIQ Qonverge Development System (QDS) boards, C-opTImizing compilers for Power Architecture and StarCore architecture, and analyzers and debuggers that provide insight into the execution of source code. In addition, Freescale ’s partner network provides efficient DSP and MPU operating systems with BSP and optimized device drivers.
The spinning pole is the use of foreign advanced spinning equipment,forming a whole without welding,forming a conical or profiled bar.And then polishing,remove surface oil,burr and indentation.Then after the quenching intensity,to T6 state,in line with international standards.The product never rust ,strong corrosion resistance,diversified surface treatment process,the appearance of simple fluid lines.Light weight and convenient installation and transportation,the rod body can be 100%recycling,low melting temperature.
Product features
â‘ Using spinning equipment advanced,the whole forming a non welding
â‘¡Product permanent does not rust,corrosion resistance
â‘¢Diversified surface treatment technology,make the appearance line succinct smooth
â‘£The light weight,convenient installation and transportation
⑤The rod body can be 100% recycling,melting temperature is low.
Aluminum Alloy Spinning Lighting Pole
Aluminum Alloy Spinning Lighting Pole,Lightest Aluminum Alloy,Aluminum Alloy Torchlight,Lightweight Aluminum Alloy
Jiangsu chengxu Electric Group Co., Ltd , http://www.chengxulighting.com