LED, a semiconductor light-emitting diode, is one of the largest and most active high-tech industries in the 21st century. This paper tries to explore the key to the improvement of LED technology from the development trend of indoor lighting. I hope that with the joint efforts of the industry, it will play a role in promoting the healthy and orderly development of China's LED industry.
Preface According to the statistics of StrategiesUnlimited, the development of LED indoor lighting will show an exponential growth trend in the next five years. It is estimated that by 2011, its output value will be tens of billions of dollars. This is both an opportunity and a challenge for LED indoor lighting. According to the development trend of indoor lighting, it is very necessary to upgrade the key of LED technology.
First, the classification of indoor lighting
1. Classified according to the explicit way
(1) Direct illumination The so-called direct illumination means that 90%-100% of the luminous flux reaches the hypothetical working surface after the light is emitted through the luminaire, which produces strong light and dark contrast and vivid light and shadow effects, which can highlight the working surface in the whole environment. The dominant position is mainly used in the workplace.
(2) Semi-direct illumination The so-called semi-direct illumination refers to a lampshade made of a translucent material covering the upper part of the light source, so that 60%-90% of the light is concentrated to the working surface, and in addition, 10% of the light in the hood is covered. -40% of the ratio is diffused through the translucent lampshade and diffused upwards. The light produced by the lighting method is softer, and the upward diffusing light increases the sense of space of the building, and is mainly suitable for rooms with lower heights.
(3) Indirect illumination The so-called indirect illumination refers to the illumination method of indirect light generated by shielding the light source. 90%-100% of the luminous flux acts on the working surface through the reflection of the ceiling or the wall, and the remaining less than 10% The light is directed onto the work surface. In general, this type of lighting can only achieve special artistic effects when used in conjunction with other lighting methods, mainly used in shopping malls, clothing stores, conference rooms, etc.
(4) Semi-indirect illumination Compared with semi-direct illumination, semi-indirect illumination is a completely opposite illumination method. Specifically, a translucent lampshade is placed in the lower part of the light source, so that more than 60% of the light is directed to the flat. The top forms an indirect light source, and the remaining 10%-40% of the light diffuses downward through the lampshade. This method can produce more obvious lighting effects, so that the lower room has a certain increase in height. It is mainly suitable for small parts of the house, such as the entrance hall, the aisle and so on.
(5) Diffuse illumination mode Diffuse illumination means that the refracting function of the luminaire is used to control the glare, thereby diffusing the light to the surrounding area. There are two general forms of such illumination, one in which light is emitted from the upper opening of the lampshade and reflected from the flat top, the sides are diffused from the translucent cover, and the lower portion is diffused from the grille. The other is to use a translucent lampshade to completely block the light to create a diffuse. The light produced by this type of lighting is visually comfortable and suitable for bedrooms, guest rooms, etc.
2. Classify the overall lighting according to the type of Ming: The overall lighting in the room is designed to illuminate the interior space to allow people to distinguish between interiors, passages and doors and windows.
Key lighting: Use the spotlight to draw the decorative painting on the wall or map the objects on the countertop and the cabinet to make it stand out and make it a visual center.
Auxiliary lighting: mainly used in conjunction with accent lighting for some statues, crafts and other lighting.
Hierarchical lighting: It is mainly suitable for the façade design with more front and rear layers. Under the lighting effect that the luminaire does not meet the requirements, the backlight, the ground lamp and the backlight of the first two layers of decoration are added to modify Achieve the purpose of strengthening the sense of hierarchy.
Three-dimensional lighting: mainly install different types of lamps in different orientations and different angles of indoor space, even install lamps at the back and bottom of the furniture, aiming at enhancing the sense of space in the room, suitable for gatherings or lively places, easy to create atmosphere.
Decorative lighting: Use colored light sources, neon tubes, plastic strips or optical fibers, and lasers to make lighting patterns and text for pure decoration.
Generally speaking, overall lighting (basic lighting, ambient lighting) is generally used in office spaces, while in homes, shopping malls, bars and other places, several lighting combinations are used.
Second, the development trend of indoor lighting different light can produce different sense of space, good light effects can produce a better sense of space, making people happy, and vice versa will make people feel depressed and unhappy. Indoor lighting is one of the most exposed lighting methods. Its design directly affects people's daily life and work, and its importance is self-evident. It is gratifying that, with the efforts of the industry, indoor lighting is developing in an increasingly healthy and orderly direction. The following are some of the mainstream development trends discussed below?
1. Energy saving In terms of energy saving in indoor lighting, European and American countries attach importance to it earlier. As early as the 1990s, the US Environmental Protection Agency launched EnergyStar, a product energy-saving labeling system, to label products that meet the energy-saving standards with green five-pointed stars and to enter the US Environmental Protection Agency's catalogue for promotion. The enactment of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 made the energy consumption in the United States in May 2008 greatly reduced, and further prompted the US DOE Department of Energy to encourage and promote the development of lighting manufacturers in the form of the BrightTomorrowLightingPrize (LPrize) competition. A more efficient and energy-efficient semiconductor lighting (LED) product to replace ordinary lighting products to achieve energy saving and environmental protection.
According to statistics, the current area of ​​Shanghai office building is 3,420 square meters. If we calculate according to the data provided in Table 1, the standard of 1.5 square meters is subject to a total of 22.8 million lamps, and Energy Star products can save 26.6. Billion degree electricity, reducing CO2 emissions is as high as 1.729 billion kilograms! This is of great significance for improving our living environment and reducing the greenhouse effect.
2. Functional diversification
(1) High color rendering Color rendering is the degree to which the light source appears to the color of the object itself, that is, the degree of color fidelity. The table parameter is the color rendering index. The higher the value, the better the color rendering of the light. At present, lamps with high color rendering index can generally reach more than 90, which are mainly suitable for lighting in kitchens, commodity counters, hospital operating tables, etc.
(2) Intelligent selection of high-efficiency light source does not mean that energy-saving lamps can be produced. At present, through circuit design, lighting control is becoming more and more intelligent, mainly in the following aspects: 1) Adjustable brightness steps: according to the actual application scenario To adjust the actual brightness required by the luminaire, for example, by adjusting the night, the brightness of the luminaire can be reduced. Since the glare is reduced, the energy saving effect can be achieved; 2) the color is adjustable: some decorations in some shopping malls or homes can pass the light fruit. 2) Color adjustment: Some decorations in some shopping malls or homes can enhance the artistic sense of space through the transformation of lighting colors.
In addition, in some scene lighting, or to control the change of the light with music, or to match the corresponding lighting in the atmosphere that needs to be created, attached to the lighting humanized design.
(3) Flexibility
The LED table lamp developed by Osram can be seen through the design of the flexible metal pole, which can be folded into any shape at will, which greatly enhances its artistic sense and gives a refreshing feeling.
3. Light and thin use of stereo lighting and grading lighting is mainly to enhance the sense of space in the room, how to use the lighting effect reasonably, so that the sense of space is maximized, giving a more comfortable feeling, which puts a higher dimension on the size of the light source itself. Claim. Some traditional light sources, such as CCFLs, metal halide lamps, halogen lamps, etc. are all moving in a smaller size, but relatively speaking, the size miniaturization of conventional light sources such as halogen lamps is limited, and the advantages of LEDs in this respect are obvious. . The LED kitchen lamp developed by Philip uses its ultra-thin characteristics. The thickness of the whole lamp is only 20mm. It can be seen from the figure that the ultra-thin luminaire further enhances the sense of space in the room, and the lighting and the overall space are perfect. Fusion, and the product is a typical representative of artistic and practical.
4. Environmental Protection The European Union has introduced the “RoHS Regulations on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipmentâ€, which requires that the new EU market for electrical and electronic products after July 1, 2006 shall not contain lead, mercury, cadmium or hexavalent chromium. Six harmful substances such as polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. This requires that in addition to reducing energy consumption and reducing CO2 emissions, each component does not contain the above substances, making it truly environmentally friendly. The promulgation of the regulations can encourage manufacturers to produce environmentally friendly products and reduce the burden on the environment. It is also the mainstream trend in the development of the current lighting industry.
Preface According to the statistics of StrategiesUnlimited, the development of LED indoor lighting will show an exponential growth trend in the next five years. It is estimated that by 2011, its output value will be tens of billions of dollars. This is both an opportunity and a challenge for LED indoor lighting. According to the development trend of indoor lighting, it is very necessary to upgrade the key of LED technology.
First, the classification of indoor lighting
1. Classified according to the explicit way
(1) Direct illumination The so-called direct illumination means that 90%-100% of the luminous flux reaches the hypothetical working surface after the light is emitted through the luminaire, which produces strong light and dark contrast and vivid light and shadow effects, which can highlight the working surface in the whole environment. The dominant position is mainly used in the workplace.
(2) Semi-direct illumination The so-called semi-direct illumination refers to a lampshade made of a translucent material covering the upper part of the light source, so that 60%-90% of the light is concentrated to the working surface, and in addition, 10% of the light in the hood is covered. -40% of the ratio is diffused through the translucent lampshade and diffused upwards. The light produced by the lighting method is softer, and the upward diffusing light increases the sense of space of the building, and is mainly suitable for rooms with lower heights.
(3) Indirect illumination The so-called indirect illumination refers to the illumination method of indirect light generated by shielding the light source. 90%-100% of the luminous flux acts on the working surface through the reflection of the ceiling or the wall, and the remaining less than 10% The light is directed onto the work surface. In general, this type of lighting can only achieve special artistic effects when used in conjunction with other lighting methods, mainly used in shopping malls, clothing stores, conference rooms, etc.
(4) Semi-indirect illumination Compared with semi-direct illumination, semi-indirect illumination is a completely opposite illumination method. Specifically, a translucent lampshade is placed in the lower part of the light source, so that more than 60% of the light is directed to the flat. The top forms an indirect light source, and the remaining 10%-40% of the light diffuses downward through the lampshade. This method can produce more obvious lighting effects, so that the lower room has a certain increase in height. It is mainly suitable for small parts of the house, such as the entrance hall, the aisle and so on.
(5) Diffuse illumination mode Diffuse illumination means that the refracting function of the luminaire is used to control the glare, thereby diffusing the light to the surrounding area. There are two general forms of such illumination, one in which light is emitted from the upper opening of the lampshade and reflected from the flat top, the sides are diffused from the translucent cover, and the lower portion is diffused from the grille. The other is to use a translucent lampshade to completely block the light to create a diffuse. The light produced by this type of lighting is visually comfortable and suitable for bedrooms, guest rooms, etc.
2. Classify the overall lighting according to the type of Ming: The overall lighting in the room is designed to illuminate the interior space to allow people to distinguish between interiors, passages and doors and windows.
Key lighting: Use the spotlight to draw the decorative painting on the wall or map the objects on the countertop and the cabinet to make it stand out and make it a visual center.
Auxiliary lighting: mainly used in conjunction with accent lighting for some statues, crafts and other lighting.
Hierarchical lighting: It is mainly suitable for the façade design with more front and rear layers. Under the lighting effect that the luminaire does not meet the requirements, the backlight, the ground lamp and the backlight of the first two layers of decoration are added to modify Achieve the purpose of strengthening the sense of hierarchy.
Three-dimensional lighting: mainly install different types of lamps in different orientations and different angles of indoor space, even install lamps at the back and bottom of the furniture, aiming at enhancing the sense of space in the room, suitable for gatherings or lively places, easy to create atmosphere.
Decorative lighting: Use colored light sources, neon tubes, plastic strips or optical fibers, and lasers to make lighting patterns and text for pure decoration.
Generally speaking, overall lighting (basic lighting, ambient lighting) is generally used in office spaces, while in homes, shopping malls, bars and other places, several lighting combinations are used.
Second, the development trend of indoor lighting different light can produce different sense of space, good light effects can produce a better sense of space, making people happy, and vice versa will make people feel depressed and unhappy. Indoor lighting is one of the most exposed lighting methods. Its design directly affects people's daily life and work, and its importance is self-evident. It is gratifying that, with the efforts of the industry, indoor lighting is developing in an increasingly healthy and orderly direction. The following are some of the mainstream development trends discussed below?
1. Energy saving In terms of energy saving in indoor lighting, European and American countries attach importance to it earlier. As early as the 1990s, the US Environmental Protection Agency launched EnergyStar, a product energy-saving labeling system, to label products that meet the energy-saving standards with green five-pointed stars and to enter the US Environmental Protection Agency's catalogue for promotion. The enactment of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 made the energy consumption in the United States in May 2008 greatly reduced, and further prompted the US DOE Department of Energy to encourage and promote the development of lighting manufacturers in the form of the BrightTomorrowLightingPrize (LPrize) competition. A more efficient and energy-efficient semiconductor lighting (LED) product to replace ordinary lighting products to achieve energy saving and environmental protection.
According to statistics, the current area of ​​Shanghai office building is 3,420 square meters. If we calculate according to the data provided in Table 1, the standard of 1.5 square meters is subject to a total of 22.8 million lamps, and Energy Star products can save 26.6. Billion degree electricity, reducing CO2 emissions is as high as 1.729 billion kilograms! This is of great significance for improving our living environment and reducing the greenhouse effect.
2. Functional diversification
(1) High color rendering Color rendering is the degree to which the light source appears to the color of the object itself, that is, the degree of color fidelity. The table parameter is the color rendering index. The higher the value, the better the color rendering of the light. At present, lamps with high color rendering index can generally reach more than 90, which are mainly suitable for lighting in kitchens, commodity counters, hospital operating tables, etc.
(2) Intelligent selection of high-efficiency light source does not mean that energy-saving lamps can be produced. At present, through circuit design, lighting control is becoming more and more intelligent, mainly in the following aspects: 1) Adjustable brightness steps: according to the actual application scenario To adjust the actual brightness required by the luminaire, for example, by adjusting the night, the brightness of the luminaire can be reduced. Since the glare is reduced, the energy saving effect can be achieved; 2) the color is adjustable: some decorations in some shopping malls or homes can pass the light fruit. 2) Color adjustment: Some decorations in some shopping malls or homes can enhance the artistic sense of space through the transformation of lighting colors.
In addition, in some scene lighting, or to control the change of the light with music, or to match the corresponding lighting in the atmosphere that needs to be created, attached to the lighting humanized design.
(3) Flexibility
The LED table lamp developed by Osram can be seen through the design of the flexible metal pole, which can be folded into any shape at will, which greatly enhances its artistic sense and gives a refreshing feeling.
3. Light and thin use of stereo lighting and grading lighting is mainly to enhance the sense of space in the room, how to use the lighting effect reasonably, so that the sense of space is maximized, giving a more comfortable feeling, which puts a higher dimension on the size of the light source itself. Claim. Some traditional light sources, such as CCFLs, metal halide lamps, halogen lamps, etc. are all moving in a smaller size, but relatively speaking, the size miniaturization of conventional light sources such as halogen lamps is limited, and the advantages of LEDs in this respect are obvious. . The LED kitchen lamp developed by Philip uses its ultra-thin characteristics. The thickness of the whole lamp is only 20mm. It can be seen from the figure that the ultra-thin luminaire further enhances the sense of space in the room, and the lighting and the overall space are perfect. Fusion, and the product is a typical representative of artistic and practical.
4. Environmental Protection The European Union has introduced the “RoHS Regulations on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipmentâ€, which requires that the new EU market for electrical and electronic products after July 1, 2006 shall not contain lead, mercury, cadmium or hexavalent chromium. Six harmful substances such as polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. This requires that in addition to reducing energy consumption and reducing CO2 emissions, each component does not contain the above substances, making it truly environmentally friendly. The promulgation of the regulations can encourage manufacturers to produce environmentally friendly products and reduce the burden on the environment. It is also the mainstream trend in the development of the current lighting industry.
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