1. Brief description of intelligent distribution network
The smart grid is the intelligence of the grid. It is built on the basis of an integrated, high-speed two-way communication network, through advanced sensing and measurement technology, advanced equipment technology, advanced control methods, and advanced decision support system technology. Application, to achieve the goals of reliable, safe, economical, efficient, environmentally friendly and safe use of the power grid. Its main features include self-healing, inspiring and including users, defending against attacks, providing power quality that meets the needs of users in the 21st century, and allowing a variety The access to the form of power generation, the start of the electricity market and the optimized and efficient operation of assets.
In recent years, the new concept of smart grid has gradually been favored by domestic and foreign power departments. The smart grid mainly uses advanced network analysis technology and new intelligent technology to organically link various equipment, control systems, production tasks and workers of the power enterprise, based on a "public information model" It automatically collects and stores data, conducts a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the operation of the power supply system and the operation and management of the power enterprise, and objectively and correctly optimizes its asset management and power supply services. The smart grid includes four parts: smart power generation, smart power transmission, smart power distribution and smart substation.
The smart distribution network is an important part of the smart grid, which can achieve flexible control of the microgrid, thereby improving the reliability and management of power supply on the demand side. The main technical contents of the smart distribution network are:
1) Distribution data communication network.
2) Advanced sensor measurement technology, such as optical or electronic transformers, overhead line and cable temperature measurement, power equipment status online monitoring, power quality measurement and other technologies.
3) Advanced protection and control technology.
4) Advanced distribution automation.
5) The advanced measurement system is a system that uses smart meters to measure, collect, and analyze user electricity data on demand or in a set manner through a variety of communication media.
6) DER grid-connected technology, including DER's "plug and play" in distribution network and micro-grid technology content.
7) DFACTS is an extension of flexible alternating current transmission (FACTS) technology in the distribution network, including two parts: power quality and dynamic power flow control.
8) Fault current limiting technology refers to the technology that uses power electronics and high temperature superconducting technology to limit short circuit current.
Second, the current status of smart distribution network technology
The smart grid has a powerful resource optimization allocation capability and a more stable operation level, and can adapt to and promote the development of new energy. At present, China's power transmission capacity is insufficient, and the integration of new energy is also difficult. The development of smart grids can help solve these problems.
China's smart grid research started relatively late. Combining with the actual situation of China's power grid and energy utilization, it started from two perspectives of large power grid and medium and low voltage power grid, and proposed the goal of "strong smart grid". The State Grid plans to gradually promote the construction of smart grids in three stages. The first stage (2009-2010), the planning pilot stage, focuses on the development of smart grid development planning, formulating technical and management standards; the second stage (2011-2015), the comprehensive construction stage, speeding up the UHV power grid and urban and rural power distribution Network construction, initially forming a smart grid operation control and interactive service system, key technologies and equipment have achieved major breakthroughs and wide application; the third phase (2016-2020), leading the upgrade phase, fully building a unified strong power grid, technology and equipment to achieve International leading level. Distributed energy sources realize "plug and play", and smart meters are widely used.
Three goals of the intelligent power distribution system: safe and reliable, high-quality and efficient, and flexible interaction. The key projects of the distribution link in the smart grid include: construction and reconstruction of distribution grids, pilot and practical distribution automation, related and integrated information islands, access and control of distributed power, and interaction of distribution systems Application etc. In order to meet the user's requirements for power supply reliability, power quality and quality service, and to meet the disturbance-free access of distributed power, centralized and distributed energy storage, the traditional distribution system operation mode and management method in the future power grid need to be improved urgently; intelligence The distribution network is the cornerstone of a strong smart grid, strong in UHV and smart in the distribution network.
At present, the "Development Planning of Smart Grid Key Equipment (System)" and "Smart Grid Technical Standard System Planning" compiled by the State Grid Corporation of China have been introduced, which indicates the product direction for a large number of equipment companies entering the smart grid. It is estimated that the total investment scale of the smart grid will be close to 4 trillion yuan. A strong market background will drive the vigorous development of the power system in power generation, transmission, substation, distribution, power consumption and dispatching. Manufacturers bring rare development opportunities.
The development of smart distribution network technology is in full swing across the country, and power departments at all levels are actively deploying to achieve intelligence. For example, in May 2011, the “Intelligent Distribution Network Key Equipment Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance†co-sponsored by five leading power equipment manufacturing enterprises within the United Nations of Shaanxi Geopower Group was formally established in Shaanxi. The alliance is composed of key equipment design, production, research and development, application units and related enterprises and institutions engaged in smart distribution network. It is a non-profit, loose and open unincorporated industry alliance organization. It is also the first domestic smart distribution network field so far. Strategic Alliance. Promote the development of China's smart grid.
3. Development of smart distribution network technology
The distribution network has shifted from the traditional supply-side-led, unidirectional power supply, which basically relies on manual management to user participation, bidirectional flow of flows, and a high degree of automation. With the progress of China's distribution network construction, it will produce increasingly obvious economic and social benefits, mainly in the following three aspects.
1) Realize the optimal operation of the distribution network and achieve cost-effectiveness. The distribution network applies advanced monitoring technology to monitor and optimize the operation status in real time, reduce the system load ratio and increase its load ratio, so that the system capacity can be fully utilized, which can delay or reduce the investment of primary equipment in the power grid, resulting in Significant economic and social benefits.
2) Provide high-quality and reliable electrical energy to ensure the development of modern society and economy. The distribution network can provide users with power quality that meets their specific needs while ensuring the reliability of power supply; not only can it overcome the short-term power supply interruption caused by the previous fault reclosure and trip operation, but also can eliminate voltage convergence and harmonics , The impact of unbalance, for the normal operation of various high-tech equipment, to provide reliable and high-quality power guarantee for the development of modern society and economy.
3) Promote the new energy revolution, promote environmental protection and sustainable development. Traditional distribution network planning and design, protection control and operation management methods basically do not consider the access of SER, and in order not to affect the normal operation of the distribution network, the existing standards or operating guidelines on the capacity of the connected DER The choice of its grid connection point has made strict restrictions, restricting the promotion and application of distributed power generation. SDG has good adaptability, can be connected to DER in large quantities and reduce the cost of grid connection, greatly promote the development of renewable energy power generation, greatly reduce the use of fossil fuels and carbon emissions, and promote the production of electricity while promoting environmental protection And the transformation of the energy structure.
With the increasing energy demand, the continuous development and integration of new technologies, and the growing voice of environmental protection, smart grid has become an inevitable requirement of the power industry and a common choice for countries in the world to meet future challenges. For China, smart grids are more critical and necessary for future sustainable development.
It comes down to the intelligent distribution network as the common role of environmental requirements, market, safety and power quality. Focus on upgrading the power grid, establishing a unified power grid that spans four time zones; maximize the value and efficiency of the power grid, and gradually realize the unified management of solar, wind, and geothermal energy; comprehensively promote distributed energy management to create the highest in the world The efficiency of energy use and the construction of a smart grid with Chinese characteristics are the future direction of China's power development.
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