“Four Steps†Building a Roadmap for Technology Development The Chinese-style thinking of a smart grid Although there is still controversy about what is known as a smart grid in the world, as the latest trend in the development of the world’s power system, the development of smart grid is still considered to be 21 The major science and technology innovation and development trend of the century power system.
The author believes that no matter how the smart grid is defined, the first is the modern power system, and the second should be the concept of dynamics, that is, it should have different definitions at different times. For example, when I visited the United States last year, I discovered that the US smart grid and the International Energy Agency have very different definitions. Therefore, China's smart grid construction should also set clear goals and establish a smart grid development strategy that suits China's national conditions.
Different important points should be noted that the current national experts have reached a consensus on the power industry should focus on improving the level and level of smart grid, but the smart grid construction is still in the initial stage of research, there is no internationally unified and clear definition.
At present, there are several mainstream concepts about smart grids.
The first is to automatically monitor the power grid through sensors, meters, digital controls, and analysis tools, optimize grid performance, prevent power outages, recover power more quickly, and increase energy efficiency; through smart meters and time-of-use pricing, device status detection, etc. Means to minimize the loss of power grid equipment, reduce the fixed-asset investment in the power grid and the cost of power grid operation; consumers can use the real-time monitoring of smart meters to achieve their own choice of power consumption; and have maximum compatibility with renewable energy power generation.
The second is to use the most economical and safe transmission and distribution methods to deliver electric energy to end users under a variety of power generation methods and distributed energy systems. At the same time, highly automated intelligent equipment is used for transmission and distribution networks and power consumption. (Power consumption clients) adopt real-time monitoring to achieve optimal configuration and utilization of electrical energy.
The third is based on the open and interconnected information model, through the loading of system digital equipment and upgrading of the power grid network management system, to achieve the full flow of intelligence such as power generation, transmission, power supply, electricity, customer power, hierarchical dispatching of the power grid, integrated services, etc. , information, and hierarchical interactive management. Form a new service function of the power grid to improve the reliability, availability and overall efficiency of the entire power grid.
The fourth is based on the strong grid of coordinated development of UHV power grids as backbone grids and grids at all levels, supported by communication information platforms, and is characterized by informatization, automation and interaction, including generation, transmission, substation, and distribution. All power, power, and dispatch links cover all voltage levels and realize a highly integrated, modern power grid with "power flow, information flow, and service flow."
From these four definitions, there are differences and emphasis. Among them, the first definition was proposed by the American Electric Power Research Institute. Its definition emphasizes grid reliability, reduces losses, and reduces investment; the second definition emphasizes the system integration of the power grid; the third definition is defined by the US smart grid industry. The coalition proposed to emphasize the access to diversified energy sources; the fourth definition was proposed by the State Grid Corporation of China to tie in with the UHV to cover all aspects of power generation, dispatch, power transmission, distribution, and users.
In fact, due to the different development environment and driving factors, power grid companies and organizations in different countries are understanding the smart grid in their own ways. Research and implementation of smart grids, and the ideas, paths and priorities of smart grid development in different countries are also different. the same.
However, I believe that there are similarities between different definitions. For example, in terms of the main functions of the smart grid, the first is to increase the flexibility of the system, reduce the peak-to-valley difference in load, and achieve access to renewable energy and distributed energy sources. The second is to enhance the reliability of the grid and avoid system breakdown. The third is to open up the electricity market and increase transparency. This is very important for the development of smart grids; the fourth is to improve power quality; the fifth is to improve efficiency, energy conservation and environmental protection.
The author believes that the future smart grid should achieve 4A system integration, including advanced metering system (AMI), advanced distribution operating system (ADO), advanced transmission operating system (ATO), advanced asset management system (AAM). Although there will be different devices and different implementations during the application process, the maximum integration of the four systems will cover the main content of the smart grid. The core of the system is a dispatching, protection and feedback control system with intelligent judgment and self-adaptation capabilities. It is also developed by advanced control principles and systems, high-integration automation equipment, high-automation system integration, automation operation components and basic components. composition.
What deserves attention is that, at this stage, what is important is not the definition of a unified smart grid. The key is to realize the intelligence of the equipment and ensure the advanced nature of the technology. To this end, the main characteristics of the smart grid should be equipped with intelligent equipment, networked secondary devices, and standardized communication platforms. Among them, the key technology areas include communication integration, sensing and measurement, advanced functional components, advanced control, and decision support.
The strategic choice of smart grid Although China's smart grid construction has begun in full swing, there are still many challenges to overcome in the future development.
The first is the institutional issues, including the relationship between the power plant and the power grid. What is the relationship between the government and the power grid? Taking into account China’s current socio-economic development, China’s electricity market is not a fully open market. This is the smart grid of the future. The most important issues to consider in construction;
The second issue is technical standards. It should be said that at present, both the State Grid, China Southern Power Grid Corporation and industry association organizations have made a lot of preparations for the technical standards of the smart grid, but the definition of the smart grid has not been clearly defined by all parties. Therefore, the formulation of standards must be continuously improved and adjusted;
The third is regulatory issues. Who will supervise the construction of the smart grid in the future? Is it the Electricity Regulatory Commission, the Energy Administration, or the National Development and Reform Commission? At present, China's power supervision itself still has certain problems. If the future power grid realizes the interaction and openness of the power grid, but it lacks a fair and just monitoring system, it will mean that the construction of the smart power grid is likely to face greater challenges;
The fourth issue is recognition. The recognition issues here not only emphasize the understanding of the smart grid in the industry, but also the entire society's understanding of the smart grid.
In addition, public acceptance of power outages and power losses, management and processing of complex information, use of renewable energy challenges, and support for distributed energy are issues that need to be addressed.
Therefore, the author believes that in the strategic choice for the development of smart grids, it should first be clear about the challenges that are difficult to understand. Everyone understands the advantages and importance of smart grids, but it really does not work well. For example, parties need to solve many problems, such as political will turns into commercial behavior, promotes the opening of key technologies to a wide range of markets, challenges cost, and solves production problems. The entire process of consumer technology promotion.
Taking into account the above factors, the author personally put forward the three basic principles of smart grid construction in the future. First, it is necessary to balance various (social organization) promotion and (market) pull factors, as well as to provide policy guidance and support in different stages of innovation; secondly, to promote the existing, cost-effective, and economically viable Technology should be given where it needs to be developed and where it needs to be used. Third, a large-scale, high-speed, and highly efficient technology transfer mechanism should be formed.
In this process, we should also focus on establishing a viable industrialization model. If the mode of industrialization is wrong, it will hinder the sound development of smart grids. The state should formulate a series of policies including support, operation, and supervision as soon as possible, use institutional means to adjust and standardize the development of smart grids, and establish fair system rules and mechanisms for the sharing of technological achievements.
The development of smart grids in China's future smart grids requires the establishment of pilot projects that are driven by technology and markets. Need to formulate and establish scientific and technological policies and measures, planning procedures and methods. Technology development must take into account the current development status, and it must not blindly pursue advanced research and development; it also needs to determine the priority areas for technological development and embark on the development of a technology roadmap.
In short, to establish a future-oriented, truly sustainable smart grid system requires a fundamental change in the way energy is produced, distributed, and consumed through technological innovation, management strategies, and new modes of thinking. Improve reliability, quality of service, efficiency, and transparency of rules.
The author noticed that at present, the U.S. grid network tends to be stable and mature, and there are sufficient power transmission and distribution capabilities, but the equipment is old and aging, and the grids are weak in secondary equipment. Therefore, in the planning of the smart grid, it pays attention to the regional coordination, the power market, and the upgrading of the power network infrastructure; while Europe is paying more attention to new energy access. For China, the development of smart grid must first consider that China is a developing country, so the construction of smart grid can not be carried out in accordance with the US and European smart grid routes and methods. Moreover, China still bears the arduous task of rapid growth in electricity demand. In recent years, the majority of grid investment has been to “make up for debts†to make up for investment in electricity. It is very difficult to develop smart grids while meeting the development increment. It is a question that Europe and the United States need not consider. Therefore, the author believes that in the future of smart grid development, China should implement a government-led, grid (power generation) companies as the main body of implementation, users and consumers to participate in the three-part combination.
In terms of development steps, the development of smart grids should mainly go through four phases: First, the pilot phase, which will take approximately two years, to be used for demonstration project construction, publicity, training, and exchange; second, the initial application phase will take five years. The time is used to unify the network data model, visualize running online analysis and real-time warning, multi-dimensional, full-view information integration analysis. Achieve time-of-use price; Third, the promotion phase takes about five years to establish real-time coordinated decision-making and rapid simulation of grid preventive control and emergency control, grid digitalization, real-time operation control, refined asset management, and energy efficiency power plant construction. And fourth, the overall upgrade phase takes about 10 years to build a smart grid with self-healing capabilities, providing greater security and more reliable access by providing greater fault tolerance and island detection. , Support friendly access of various types of power supply and intelligent interaction with the customer side to achieve real-time electricity prices.
It should be noted that research on digital substations, intelligent visual dispatching and early warning systems, etc. has begun in the country. In particular, equipment companies have begun to carry out forward-looking research and development in the fields of digital equipment, secondary equipment intelligence and other technical fields, but China’s intelligence The grid is still in its infancy. At this stage, the author believes that the most pressing task is to actively plan the Chinese road map of the smart grid, not only the technical route, but also include the roadmap for the entire grid system. Only in this way can high-tech and benign technology innovation industry upgrade be adopted. The future strategic heights.
The author believes that no matter how the smart grid is defined, the first is the modern power system, and the second should be the concept of dynamics, that is, it should have different definitions at different times. For example, when I visited the United States last year, I discovered that the US smart grid and the International Energy Agency have very different definitions. Therefore, China's smart grid construction should also set clear goals and establish a smart grid development strategy that suits China's national conditions.
Different important points should be noted that the current national experts have reached a consensus on the power industry should focus on improving the level and level of smart grid, but the smart grid construction is still in the initial stage of research, there is no internationally unified and clear definition.
At present, there are several mainstream concepts about smart grids.
The first is to automatically monitor the power grid through sensors, meters, digital controls, and analysis tools, optimize grid performance, prevent power outages, recover power more quickly, and increase energy efficiency; through smart meters and time-of-use pricing, device status detection, etc. Means to minimize the loss of power grid equipment, reduce the fixed-asset investment in the power grid and the cost of power grid operation; consumers can use the real-time monitoring of smart meters to achieve their own choice of power consumption; and have maximum compatibility with renewable energy power generation.
The second is to use the most economical and safe transmission and distribution methods to deliver electric energy to end users under a variety of power generation methods and distributed energy systems. At the same time, highly automated intelligent equipment is used for transmission and distribution networks and power consumption. (Power consumption clients) adopt real-time monitoring to achieve optimal configuration and utilization of electrical energy.
The third is based on the open and interconnected information model, through the loading of system digital equipment and upgrading of the power grid network management system, to achieve the full flow of intelligence such as power generation, transmission, power supply, electricity, customer power, hierarchical dispatching of the power grid, integrated services, etc. , information, and hierarchical interactive management. Form a new service function of the power grid to improve the reliability, availability and overall efficiency of the entire power grid.
The fourth is based on the strong grid of coordinated development of UHV power grids as backbone grids and grids at all levels, supported by communication information platforms, and is characterized by informatization, automation and interaction, including generation, transmission, substation, and distribution. All power, power, and dispatch links cover all voltage levels and realize a highly integrated, modern power grid with "power flow, information flow, and service flow."
From these four definitions, there are differences and emphasis. Among them, the first definition was proposed by the American Electric Power Research Institute. Its definition emphasizes grid reliability, reduces losses, and reduces investment; the second definition emphasizes the system integration of the power grid; the third definition is defined by the US smart grid industry. The coalition proposed to emphasize the access to diversified energy sources; the fourth definition was proposed by the State Grid Corporation of China to tie in with the UHV to cover all aspects of power generation, dispatch, power transmission, distribution, and users.
In fact, due to the different development environment and driving factors, power grid companies and organizations in different countries are understanding the smart grid in their own ways. Research and implementation of smart grids, and the ideas, paths and priorities of smart grid development in different countries are also different. the same.
However, I believe that there are similarities between different definitions. For example, in terms of the main functions of the smart grid, the first is to increase the flexibility of the system, reduce the peak-to-valley difference in load, and achieve access to renewable energy and distributed energy sources. The second is to enhance the reliability of the grid and avoid system breakdown. The third is to open up the electricity market and increase transparency. This is very important for the development of smart grids; the fourth is to improve power quality; the fifth is to improve efficiency, energy conservation and environmental protection.
The author believes that the future smart grid should achieve 4A system integration, including advanced metering system (AMI), advanced distribution operating system (ADO), advanced transmission operating system (ATO), advanced asset management system (AAM). Although there will be different devices and different implementations during the application process, the maximum integration of the four systems will cover the main content of the smart grid. The core of the system is a dispatching, protection and feedback control system with intelligent judgment and self-adaptation capabilities. It is also developed by advanced control principles and systems, high-integration automation equipment, high-automation system integration, automation operation components and basic components. composition.
What deserves attention is that, at this stage, what is important is not the definition of a unified smart grid. The key is to realize the intelligence of the equipment and ensure the advanced nature of the technology. To this end, the main characteristics of the smart grid should be equipped with intelligent equipment, networked secondary devices, and standardized communication platforms. Among them, the key technology areas include communication integration, sensing and measurement, advanced functional components, advanced control, and decision support.
The strategic choice of smart grid Although China's smart grid construction has begun in full swing, there are still many challenges to overcome in the future development.
The first is the institutional issues, including the relationship between the power plant and the power grid. What is the relationship between the government and the power grid? Taking into account China’s current socio-economic development, China’s electricity market is not a fully open market. This is the smart grid of the future. The most important issues to consider in construction;
The second issue is technical standards. It should be said that at present, both the State Grid, China Southern Power Grid Corporation and industry association organizations have made a lot of preparations for the technical standards of the smart grid, but the definition of the smart grid has not been clearly defined by all parties. Therefore, the formulation of standards must be continuously improved and adjusted;
The third is regulatory issues. Who will supervise the construction of the smart grid in the future? Is it the Electricity Regulatory Commission, the Energy Administration, or the National Development and Reform Commission? At present, China's power supervision itself still has certain problems. If the future power grid realizes the interaction and openness of the power grid, but it lacks a fair and just monitoring system, it will mean that the construction of the smart power grid is likely to face greater challenges;
The fourth issue is recognition. The recognition issues here not only emphasize the understanding of the smart grid in the industry, but also the entire society's understanding of the smart grid.
In addition, public acceptance of power outages and power losses, management and processing of complex information, use of renewable energy challenges, and support for distributed energy are issues that need to be addressed.
Therefore, the author believes that in the strategic choice for the development of smart grids, it should first be clear about the challenges that are difficult to understand. Everyone understands the advantages and importance of smart grids, but it really does not work well. For example, parties need to solve many problems, such as political will turns into commercial behavior, promotes the opening of key technologies to a wide range of markets, challenges cost, and solves production problems. The entire process of consumer technology promotion.
Taking into account the above factors, the author personally put forward the three basic principles of smart grid construction in the future. First, it is necessary to balance various (social organization) promotion and (market) pull factors, as well as to provide policy guidance and support in different stages of innovation; secondly, to promote the existing, cost-effective, and economically viable Technology should be given where it needs to be developed and where it needs to be used. Third, a large-scale, high-speed, and highly efficient technology transfer mechanism should be formed.
In this process, we should also focus on establishing a viable industrialization model. If the mode of industrialization is wrong, it will hinder the sound development of smart grids. The state should formulate a series of policies including support, operation, and supervision as soon as possible, use institutional means to adjust and standardize the development of smart grids, and establish fair system rules and mechanisms for the sharing of technological achievements.
The development of smart grids in China's future smart grids requires the establishment of pilot projects that are driven by technology and markets. Need to formulate and establish scientific and technological policies and measures, planning procedures and methods. Technology development must take into account the current development status, and it must not blindly pursue advanced research and development; it also needs to determine the priority areas for technological development and embark on the development of a technology roadmap.
In short, to establish a future-oriented, truly sustainable smart grid system requires a fundamental change in the way energy is produced, distributed, and consumed through technological innovation, management strategies, and new modes of thinking. Improve reliability, quality of service, efficiency, and transparency of rules.
The author noticed that at present, the U.S. grid network tends to be stable and mature, and there are sufficient power transmission and distribution capabilities, but the equipment is old and aging, and the grids are weak in secondary equipment. Therefore, in the planning of the smart grid, it pays attention to the regional coordination, the power market, and the upgrading of the power network infrastructure; while Europe is paying more attention to new energy access. For China, the development of smart grid must first consider that China is a developing country, so the construction of smart grid can not be carried out in accordance with the US and European smart grid routes and methods. Moreover, China still bears the arduous task of rapid growth in electricity demand. In recent years, the majority of grid investment has been to “make up for debts†to make up for investment in electricity. It is very difficult to develop smart grids while meeting the development increment. It is a question that Europe and the United States need not consider. Therefore, the author believes that in the future of smart grid development, China should implement a government-led, grid (power generation) companies as the main body of implementation, users and consumers to participate in the three-part combination.
In terms of development steps, the development of smart grids should mainly go through four phases: First, the pilot phase, which will take approximately two years, to be used for demonstration project construction, publicity, training, and exchange; second, the initial application phase will take five years. The time is used to unify the network data model, visualize running online analysis and real-time warning, multi-dimensional, full-view information integration analysis. Achieve time-of-use price; Third, the promotion phase takes about five years to establish real-time coordinated decision-making and rapid simulation of grid preventive control and emergency control, grid digitalization, real-time operation control, refined asset management, and energy efficiency power plant construction. And fourth, the overall upgrade phase takes about 10 years to build a smart grid with self-healing capabilities, providing greater security and more reliable access by providing greater fault tolerance and island detection. , Support friendly access of various types of power supply and intelligent interaction with the customer side to achieve real-time electricity prices.
It should be noted that research on digital substations, intelligent visual dispatching and early warning systems, etc. has begun in the country. In particular, equipment companies have begun to carry out forward-looking research and development in the fields of digital equipment, secondary equipment intelligence and other technical fields, but China’s intelligence The grid is still in its infancy. At this stage, the author believes that the most pressing task is to actively plan the Chinese road map of the smart grid, not only the technical route, but also include the roadmap for the entire grid system. Only in this way can high-tech and benign technology innovation industry upgrade be adopted. The future strategic heights.
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